The Order Sons of Italy of Canada is a fraternal society for Italians in Canada.

The Order Sons of Italy of Canada originated in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, in 1915. After the successful foundation of a social club for Italian immigrants one year earlier, Father J.P. Martinez, a local Catholic parish priest, encouraged the members of this group to apply for affiliation with the Order Sons of Italy in America. Founded in 1905 in New York City, the goal of the Order Sons of Italy in America was to re-unite in one single family all Italians scattered throughout North America.

By the early 1920's enough local (or "filial") lodges had been founded across Ontario to qualify for the formation of a Grand Lodge in 1924. The creation of the Grand Lodge led to the official incorporation of the Order Sons of Italy in Ontario (OSIO) in 1926. Later that same year, the Mutual Benefit Society of the Order Sons of Italy in Ontario was incorporated as a special body dedicated to administering sick benefits and mortuary insurance.

By 1939, there were 28 lodges, nine of which were female lodges. In 1993, with its spread to Manitoba, the OSIO was officially reincorporated as the Order Sons of Italy of Canada.

During the years of peak popularity in the 1920s and 1930s, OSIO members from the Italian consulate often promoted fascist ideologies which were prevalent in Italy at the time. Some members broke away from the OSIO to form a left-wing splinter group, the Independent Order of the Sons of Italy, in Montreal.

The OSIO came under suspicion by authorities during the Second World War when Canada was at war with Italy. A number of leaders were declared 'enemy aliens' and were interned. Many of the filial lodges closed during the war, while others operated at a reduced capacity. When the war ended, only some lodges were revived, while others were newly created.

The OSIO eventually regained its former popularity as it strove to assist newcomers to Canada during the height of Italian immigration from 1951-1961. In the 1970's, membership numbers began to decline again with changing demographics and a shift in the needs and interests of the Italian-Canadian community. This period was followed by a broadening in geographic scope when lodges were founded in Manitoba in the early 1980's.

Lodges are governed by a slate of elected officers. The head of each lodge is the President (formerly "Venerable"), and is aided by several officers including the assistant President, Administrative Secretary, Recording Secretary, Treasurer, Orator, and Trustees. The Grand Lodge operates in the same fashion, however it does so on a national level by providing an administrative locus for all filial lodges.